Standards provide a highly accurate standard value of resistance, capacitance, inductance, voltage or other electrical parameter for calibration and testing. Standards usually consist of a single, fixed value component or a several components not in the same circuit. Some standards are available that are continuously variable, often incorporating a potentiometer. Standards having more than one component (e.g., several fixed value resistors) have multiple posts or a rotary switch to select different resistance values.
Decade boxes, decades or decade substituters provide highly accurate and digitally variable standard values of resistance, capacitance, inductance or combinations of these electrical parameters for calibration and testing. Decade boxes usually consist of several components (e.g., resistors) within the same circuit. The standard resistance value is selected by varying of the number resistors in the series or parallel circuit.
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Inductance is the property of a circuit element that tends to oppose any change in the current flowing through it. The core material, core shape and size, the turn count and the shape of the coil influence the inductance for a given inductor. The unit of inductance is the Henry (H).
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Self-resonant frequency (SRF) is the frequency at which the inductor's distributed capacitance resonates with the inductance. At this frequency the inductance is equal to the capacitance and they cancel each other. As a consequence, at this frequency the inductor acts as a purely resistive high impedance element. Also, at this frequency the Q-value of the inductor is zero.
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All matching products will have a value greater than or equal to the specified value.
Resolution is the digital value represented by one bit in the display in a digital measure. For example, a decade box where one bit on the display represents 10 microF as a resolution of 10 microF (Also - Henrys/step or least significant digit <LSD>).
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User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.
The temperature coefficient parameter measures the rate at which the nominal resistance value changes as a function of temperature. It is expressed in parts-per million per degree Celsius (ppm/C).
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All matching products will have a value less than or equal to the specified value.
Quality factor is a term applied to capacitors and inductors to characterize relative losses.
The Q value (also known as the 'quality factor') of a capacitor is a measure of the relative losses in the capacitor. It is technically defined as the ratio of capacitive reactance to the ESR (Equivalent Serial Resistance), or XC/Resr. Since both XC and Resr are functions of frequency, the test frequency must be given when specifying Q. At the self-resonant frequency Q is zero since the reactance is zero at this point. The quality factor is the reciprocal of the Dissipation Factor (DF).
The Q value (also known as the 'quality factor') of an inductor is a measure of the relative losses in the inductor. It is technically defined as the ratio of inductive reactance to the effective resistance, or XL/Re. Since both XL and Re are functions of frequency, the test frequency must be given when specifying Q. At the self-resonant frequency Q is zero since the inductance is zero at this point.
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All matching products will have a value greater than or equal to the specified value.
Standard calibration that can be traced to the National Institute of Technology Standards (NIST) or other National Lab. The standard has been compared to a master standard that has been checked against a NIST standard.
The instrument has the ability to perform precision measurements (measures or reads) for testing or calibration in addition to providing a standard reference value.
Transfer, primary or laboratory grade standards are used to compare or transfer the accuracies from NIST or national lab certified standards to working standards, sources, simulators and calibrators or for precision meter calibration.
Working standards are robust or rugged units for production or in-line testing and calibration. Reference or working standards are compared or verified by transfer or laboratory standards and then used for calibration, testing and inspection of other components, meters and instruments.
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