Power quality analyzers measure and monitor electrical power parameters to avoid disturbances, track steady-state variations, and ensure the reliability of power distribution systems. Disturbances are measurable events that are triggered by abnormalities in voltage or current. Steady-state variations compare changes to normal values and are measured by sampling voltage and/or current levels over time. To track disturbances and steady-state variations, power quality analyzers present information as individual events, trends, or statistical summaries. Examples of individual events include voltage spikes and brownouts. Power quality analyzers can also measure transients such as primary magnitude, time of occurrence, and rate of rise. Some devices are powered by the system being tested. Others use battery power. Power quality analyzers with integral AC current clamps are also available.   

Power quality analyzers track several electrical and power parameters. Electrical parameters include AC voltage, AC current, and frequency. Power parameters include demand and peak demand. Demand is the actual amount of power that the monitored system uses. Peak demand is the maximum amount of power that can be used. Typically, power parameters are measured in watts (W), volt amperes (VA), and volt ampere reactives (VAR). Watts are units of electrical power that indicate the rate of energy produced or consumed by an electrical device. Volt amperes equal the current flowing in a circuit multiplied by the voltage of that circuit. Volt ampere reactives identify the reactive component of volt amperes.  

Power quality analyzers measure and monitor electrical power parameters to avoid disturbances, track steady-state variations, and ensure the reliability of power distribution systems. Disturbances are measurable events that are triggered by abnormalities in voltage or current. Steady-state variations compare changes to normal values and are measured by sampling voltage and/or current levels over time. To track disturbances and steady-state variations, power quality analyzers present information as individual events, trends, or statistical summaries. Examples of individual events include voltage spikes and brownouts. Power quality analyzers can also measure transients such as primary magnitude, time of occurrence, and rate of rise. Some devices are powered by the system being tested. Others use battery power. Power quality analyzers with integral AC current clamps are also available.   

Power quality analyzers track several electrical and power parameters. Electrical parameters include AC voltage, AC current, and frequency. Power parameters include demand and peak demand. Demand is the actual amount of power that the monitored system uses. Peak demand is the maximum amount of power that can be used. Typically, power parameters are measured in watts (W), volt amperes (VA), and volt ampere reactives (VAR). Watts are units of electrical power that indicate the rate of energy produced or consumed by an electrical device. Volt amperes equal the current flowing in a circuit multiplied by the voltage of that circuit. Volt ampere reactives identify the reactive component of volt amperes.  

There are several power quality parameters for power quality analyzers. Root mean square (RMS) voltage is obtained by dividing the peak voltage by the square root of 2. Similarly, RMS current is obtained by dividing the peak current by the square root of 2. Current and voltage harmonics can cause problems such as the excessive heating of wiring, connections, motors, and transformers. Harmonics can also cause the inadvertent tripping of circuit breakers. Total harmonic distortion (THD) is a percentage of the total output RMS voltage. Other power quality parameters include power factor, the ratio of actual power to apparent power. Another parameter, K-factor, is a numeric value that accounts for both the magnitude and frequency of the component of a current waveform. Typically, K-factor is used to indicate whether a full-rated transformer is designed to handle non-linear loads.

Data interfaces for power quality analyzers include general-purpose interface bus (GPIB), universal serial bus (USB), RS232, RS485, and Ethernet. GPIB is designed to connect computers, peripherals and laboratory instruments so that data and control information can pass between them. USB is a 4-wire, 12-Mbps serial bus for low-to-medium peripheral device connections to personal computers (PCs), including keyboards, mice, modems, printers, and monitor controls. Ethernet is a widely used local area network (LAN) technology that specifies how data is placed on and retrieved from a common transmission medium. Power quality analyzers that can convert digital to analog signals are also available.